(8) reproduction of a work in its collections by a  library,  an  archives

center,  a  memorial  hall,  a  museum,  an  art  gallery  or  a   similar

institution, for the purposes of display, or preservation of  a  copy,  of

the work;

(9) free performance of a published work;

(10) copying, drawing, photographing, or video recording  of  an  artistic

work located or on display in an outdoor public place;

(11) translation of  a  published  work  from  the  language  of  the  Han

nationality  into  minority  nationality  languages  for  publication  and

distribution in the country;

(12) transliteration of a published work into Braille and  publication  of

the work so transliterated.

The above limitations on rights shall be applicable also to the rights  of

publishers,  performers,  producers  of   sound   recordings   and   video

recordings, radio stations and television stations.

          Chapter III Copyright Licensing Contracts

Article 23

Anyone who exploits a work  created  by  others  shall,  except  where  no

permission is required in accordance with  the  provisions  of  this  Law,

conclude a  contract  with,  or  otherwise  obtain  permission  from,  the

copyright owner.

Article 24

A contract shall include the following basic clauses:

(1) the manner of exploitation of the work covered by the license;

(2) the exclusive or nonexclusive nature of the right to exploit the  work

covered by the license;

(3) the scope and term of the license;

(4) the amount of remuneration and the method of its payment;

(5) the liability for breach of contract; and

(6) any other matter which the contracting parties consider necessary.

Article 25

Without permission from the  copyright  owner,  the  other  party  to  the

contract shall not exercise the right which the copyright  owner  has  not

explicitly licensed in the contract.

Article 26

The term of validity of  a  contract  shall  not  exceed  ten  years.  The

contract may be renewed on expiration of that term.

Article 27

The tariffs of  remuneration  for  the  exploitation  of  works  shall  be

established by the copyright administration  department  under  the  State

Council jointly with other departments concerned.

Where otherwise agreed to in a  contract,  remuneration  may  be  paid  in

accordance with the terms of the said contract.

Article 28

Publishers,  performers,  producers  of   sound   recordings   and   video

recordings, radio stations, television stations and other entities who  or

which have, pursuant to this  Law,  obtained  the  right  of  exploitation

included in the copyright of others, shall  not  prejudice  such  authors'

rights  of  authorship,  alteration,  integrity   and   their   right   to

remuneration.

          Chapter IV Publication, Performance, Sound Recording, Video Recor- ding and Broadcasting

Section 1 Publication of Books, Newspapers and Periodicals

Article 29

A book publisher who publishes a book shall conclude a publishing contract

with, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.

Article 30

A book publisher shall, during the term of the contract, have an exclusive

right to publish  the  work  delivered  to  him  for  publication  by  the

copyright owner. The term of the exclusive  right  to  publish  the  work,

enjoyed by the book publisher as specified  in  the  contract,  shall  not

exceed ten years. The contract may be renewed on expiration of that term.

The exclusive right to publish a work enjoyed by the book publisher shall,

during the term specified in the contract, be protected by  law,  and  the

work may not be published by others.

Article 31

The copyright owner shall deliver the work to  the  publisher  within  the

time limit specified in the contract. The book publisher shall publish the

work according to the quality  requirements  and  within  the  time  limit

specified in the contract.   The  book  publisher  shall  bear  the  civil

liability in accordance with the provisions of Article 47 of this  Law  if

he fails to publish the work  within  the  time  limit  specified  in  the

contract.

The book publisher shall notify, and pay remuneration  to,  the  copyright

owner when the work is  to  be  reprinted  or  republished.  If  the  book

publisher refuses to reprint or republish the work when the stocks of  the

book are exhausted, the copyright owner shall have the right to  terminate

the contract.

Article 32

Where a copyright owner has submitted the manuscript  of  his  work  to  a

newspaper or a periodical publisher for publication and has  not  received

any notification of the said publisher's decision  to  publish  the  work,

within fifteen days from the newspaper publisher  or  within  thirty  days

from  the  periodical  publisher  from  the  date  of  submission  of  the

manuscript, the copyright owner may submit the manuscript of the same work

to another newspaper or periodical publisher for  publication  unless  the

two parties have agreed otherwise.

After a work is published in a newspaper or a periodical, other  newspaper

or periodical publisher may, except where the copyright owner has declared

that reprinting or excerpting is not permitted, reprint the work or  print

an abstract of it or print  it  as  reference  material,  but  such  other

publishers shall pay remuneration to the copyright owner as prescribed  in

regulations.

Article 33

A book publisher may alter or abridge a work with the  permission  of  the

copyright owner.  A newspaper publisher or periodical publisher  may  make

editorial modifications and abridgments in a work, but shall not make  any

modifications in the content  of  the  work  unless  permission  has  been

obtained from the author.

Article 34

When publishing a work created  by  adaptation,  translation,  annotation,

arrangement or compilation of a pre-existing work, the publisher shall pay

remuneration both to the owner of the copyright in  the  work  created  by

adaptation, translation, annotation, arrangement or  compilation,  and  to

the owner of the copyright in the original work.

Section 2 Performance

Article 35

A performer (an individual performer or a performing  troupe)  who  for  a

performance exploits an unpublished work created by  others  shall  obtain

permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.

A performer who for a commercial performance  exploits  a  published  work

created by others does not need permission from, but shall, as  prescribed

by regulations, pay remuneration to the copyright owner; such  work  shall

not be  exploited  where  the  copyright  owner  has  declared  that  such

exploitation is not permitted.

A performer who for a commercial performance exploits a  work  created  by

adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement of a pre-existing  work

shall pay remuneration both to the owner of  the  copyright  in  the  work

created by adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement and  to  the

owner of the copyright in the original work. Where a performer performs  a

work created by others for the purpose of  producing  a  sound  recording,

video recording, radio programme or television programme,  the  provisions

of Article 37 and 40 of this Law shall apply.

Article 36

A performer shall, in relation to his performance, enjoy the right:

(1) to claim performership;

(2) to protect the image inherent in his performance from distortion;

(3) to authorize others to make live broadcasts; and

(4) to authorize others to make sound recordings and video recordings  for

commercial purposes, and to receive remuneration therefor.

Section 3 Sound Recording and Video Recording

Article 37

A producer of  sound  recordings  who,  for  the  production  of  a  sound

recording, exploits an unpublished work created  by  others  shall  obtain

permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner. A  producer

of sound recordings who, for the production of a sound recording, exploits

a published work created by others, does not  need  permission  from,  but

shall, as prescribed by regulations, pay remuneration  to,  the  copyright

owner; such work shall not be exploited  where  the  copyright  owner  has

declared that such exploitation is not permitted.

A producer of  video  recordings  who,  for  the  production  of  a  video

recording, exploits a work created by others shall obtain permission from,

and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.

A producer of sound recordings or video recordings  who  exploits  a  work

created by adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement  of  a  pre-

existing work shall pay remuneration both to the owner of the copyright in

the work created by adaptation, translation,  annotation  or  arrangement,

and to the owner of the copyright in the original work.

Article 38

When producing a sound recording or video recording,  the  producer  shall

conclude a contract with, and pay remuneration to, the performer.

Article 39

A producer of sound recordings or video recordings shall have the right to

authorize others to reproduce and distribute his sound recordings or video

recordings and the right to receive remuneration  therefor.  The  term  of

protection of such rights shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of

the fiftieth year  after  the  first  publication  of  the  recordings.  A

producer of sound recordings or video  recordings  who  is  authorized  to

reproduce and distribute a sound recording or video recording  created  by

others shall also pay remuneration to  the  copyright  owner  and  to  the

performer as prescribed by regulations.

Section 4 Broadcasting by Radio Station or Television Station

Article 40

A radio station or television station which exploits, for  the  production

of a radio or television programme, an unpublished work created by others,

shall obtain permission from,  and  pay  remuneration  to,  the  copyright

owner.

A radio station or television station which exploits, for  the  production

of a radio or television programme, a published  work  created  by  others

does not need permission from the copyright owner, but such a  work  shall

not be  exploited  where  the  copyright  owner  has  declared  that  such

exploitation is not permitted. In addition, remuneration shall be paid  as

prescribed by regulations unless this Law provides  that  no  remuneration

needs to be paid.

A radio station or television station which exploits, for  the  production

of a  radio  or  television  programme,  a  work  created  by  adaptation,

translation, annotation, or arrangement of a pre-existing work, shall  pay

remuneration both to the owner of the copyright in  the  work  created  by

adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement and to the owner of the

copyright in the original work.

Article 41

When producing a radio or  television  programme,  the  radio  station  or

television station shall conclude a contract with,  and  pay  remuneration

to, the performer.

Article 42

A radio station or television station shall, in  respect  of  a  programme

produced by it, enjoy the right:

(1) to broadcast the programme;

(2) to authorize  others  to  broadcast  the  programme,  and  to  receive

remuneration therefor; and

(3)  to  authorize  others  to  reproduce  and  distribute  the  radio  or

television programme, and to receive remuneration therefor.

The term of protection of the rights specified in the preceding  paragraph

shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth  year  after

the first broadcasting of the programme.

A producer of sound recordings or video recordings who  is  authorized  to

reproduce and distribute a radio or television programme  shall  also  pay

remuneration to the copyright owner and the  performer  as  prescribed  by

regulations.

Article 43

A radio station or television station  may  broadcast,  for  noncommercial

purposes, a published sound recording without seeking permission from,  or

paying remuneration to, the copyright owner, performer and producer of the

sound recording.

Article 44

A television station which broadcasts  a  cinematographic,  television  or

video-graphic work produced by others shall obtain  permission  from,  and

pay remuneration to, the producer of the  cinematographic,  television  or

video-graphic work.

          Chapter V Legal Liability

Article 45

Anyone who commits any of the following acts of  infringement  shall  bear

civil  liability  for  such  remedies  as  ceasing  the  infringing   act,

eliminating  its  ill  effects,  making  a  public   apology   or   paying

compensation or damages, etc., depending on the circumstances:

(1) publishing a work without the permission of the copyright owner;

(2) publishing a work of joint authorship as  a  work  created  solely  by

oneself without the permission of the other co-authors;

(3) having one's name indicated on a work created by others, in  order  to

seek personal fame and  gain,  where  one  has  not  participated  in  the

creation of the work;

(4) distorting or mutilating a work created by others;

(5)  exploiting  a  work   by   performance,   broadcasting,   exhibition,

distribution, making cinematographic,  television  or  video  productions,

adaptation, translation, annotation, and compilation, or by  other  means,

without the permission of the copyright owner, unless  otherwise  provided

in this Law;

(6) exploiting a work created by others  without  paying  remuneration  as

prescribed by regulations;

(7)  broadcasting  a  live  performance  without  the  permission  of  the

performer; or (8) committing other acts of infringement of  copyright  and

of other rights and interests related to copyright.

Article 46

Anyone who commits any of the following acts of  infringement  shall  bear

civil  liability  for  such  remedies  as  ceasing  the  infringing   act,

eliminating  its  ill  effects,  making  a  public   apology   or   paying

compensation for damages, etc., depending on the circumstances,  and  may,

in addition, be subjected by the copyright  administration  department  to

such administrative penalties as confiscation of unlawful income from  the

act, or imposition of a fine:

(1) plagiarizing a work created by others;

(2) reproducing and distributing a work, for commercial purposes,  without

the permission of the copyright owner;

(3) publishing a book where the exclusive right of publication belongs  to

another publisher;

(4) producing and publishing a sound recording or  video  recording  of  a

performance without the permission of the performer;

(5) reproducing and distributing a  sound  recording  or  video  recording

produced by others without the permission of its producer;

(6) reproducing and distributing a radio programme or television programme

without the permission of the radio station or  television  station  which

has produced that programme; or

(7) producing or selling a work of fine art where  the  signature  of  the

author is forged.

Article 47

A party who fails to perform his contractual obligations, or performs them

in a manner which is not in conformity with the agreed  terms  shall  bear

civil liability in accordance with the relevant provisions of the  General

Principles of the Civil Law.

Article 48

A dispute over copyright infringement may  be  settled  by  mediation.  If

mediation is unsuccessful, or if one of  the  parties  retracts  from  his

promise after  a  mediation  agreement  is  reached,  proceedings  may  be

instituted in a people's court. Proceedings may also  instituted  directly

in a people's court if the parties do not wish to settle  the  dispute  by

mediation.

Article 49

A dispute over a copyright contract may be settled by  mediation.  It  may

also, in accordance with the arbitration clause of contract, or a  written

arbitration agreement concluded after the contract  has  been  signed,  be

submitted to a copyright arbitration body for arbitration.

The parties shall implement the arbitration award. If one of  the  parties

fails to implement the award, the other party  may  apply  to  a  people's

court for execution.  If the people's court which has  been  requested  to

execute an arbitration award finds that the arbitration award is  contrary

to law, it shall have the right to refuse the execution.

Where the people's court refuses to  execute  an  arbitration  award,  the

parties may institute proceedings in  a  people's  court  for  contractual

dispute.

Where no arbitration clause is stipulated in the contract and  no  written

arbitration agreement is concluded after the contract has been signed, any

party may institute proceedings directly in a people's court.

Article 50

Any party  who  is  not  satisfied  with  an  administrative  penalty  may

institute proceedings in a people's court within three months from receipt

of the written decision  of  the  administrative  penalty.  If  the  party

neither institutes proceedings nor executes the decision within  the  time

limit, the copyright administration department may  apply  to  a  people's

court for execution.

          Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 51

For the purpose of this Law, the term "zhuzuoquan"  (author's  rights)  is

synonymous with the term "banquan" (copyright).

Article 52

The term "reproduction" as used in this Law means the act of producing one

or  more  copies  of  a   work   by   printing,   photocopying,   copying,

lithographing, making a sound recording or video recording, duplicating  a

recording, or duplicating a photographic work or by other means.

The  term  "reproduction"  as  used  in  this  Law  does  not  cover   the

construction or  manufacture  of  industrial  products  on  the  basis  of

drawings of engineering designs  and  product  designs,  and  descriptions

thereof.

Article 53

Measures for the protection of  computer  software  shall  be  established

separately by the State Council.

Article 54

The implementing regulations  of  this  Law  shall  be  drawn  up  by  the

copyright administration department under  the  State  Council  and  shall

enter into force after approval by the State Council.

Article 55

The rights of copyright owners, publishers, performers, producers of sound

recordings and video recordings, radio stations and television stations as

provided for in this Law shall, if their term of protection  as  specified

in this Law has not yet expired on the date of entry into  force  of  this

Law, be protected in accordance with this Law.  Any act of infringement or

breach of contract committed prior to the entry into  force  of  this  Law

shall be dealt  with  in  accordance  with  the  relevant  regulations  or

policies in force at the time when such act was committed.

Article 56

This Law shall enter into force as of June 1, 1991.

Note:

[*1] This English version is the preliminary English translation  provided

by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the  Standing  Committee  of  the

National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. It shall  be

republished after being further revised and finalized by  the  Legislative

Affairs Commission of the Standing  Committee  of  the  National  People's

Congress of the People's Republic of China. - The Editor